U choose Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

U choose - Research Paper Example precis draw outionism is also known as bring through Painting, Colour Filed Painting or Gestural Abstraction because the strokes of the painting brush revealed the artists process. The painting technique is the subject of art itself. According to Harold Rosenberg, Abstract Expression became an event and therefore, dubbed it Action Painting in 1952. Art historians howeverreview that his definition of art as Action painting leaves out the aspects of retard and chance. Abstract Expression thereforecomes from three major sources Kandinskys abstraction, chance according to Dadaist, and the Surrealists endorsement of Freudian theory, which embraces, sexuality, the relevance of dreams and the authenticity of ego, which abstract expressionism express through action. The term Abstract Expressionism was first coined in Germany, Europe in 1919 in the magazine Der Stum in regards to German expressionists. It was later adopted in the U.S in 1946 and was applie d to the American art by critic Robert Coates. History Abstract Expressionism was spearheaded by a number of Artists in America (strongly influenced by European expatriates) who had grown up during the collapse of world order, influenced by World War II and the Cold War aftermath. The artistssaw the two art movement of thirties called theSocial realism and Regionalism failed to satisfy their desire for artistic growth. They were therefore, influenced by European refugees whose approach to art opened up new possibilities for artistic growth. The refuges included the German Expressionist George Grosz (1893-1959), Arshile Gorkythe Armenian-born , who settled in the US in 1920, the Cubist Fernand Leger (1881-1955), the German-born Hans Hofmann who migrated to America in 1930, the Bauhaus abstract painter Josef Albers (1888-1976)the geometrical abstractionist Piet Mondrian (1872-1944) Dada artist Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968), and the Surrealists Yves Tanguy (1900-55), Max Ernst (1891-1976 ), Andre Masson (1896-1987) and Andre Breton (1896-1966). The Surrealist artists were extremely influential with Jackson Pollock taking up their idea of unconscious automatic painting. The exiles significance in the development of American art was acknowledged by Jackson Pollock himself. The fact that good European Moderns are now here is highly powerful for they bring with them an accord of the problems of modern painting. The Development of Abstract Expressionism The development of abstract expressionism was influenced by a few headstone figures and indigenous painters. Albert Pinkham Ryder (1847-1917) was an early precursor of abstract expressionism. A key transitional figure between the years before the World War II and the years after was Stuart Davis who focused on the integrity of his pictorial structure. Stuarts industrial plant were viewed as an American extension of Cubism. However, despite his close contact with Fernand Leger (A master of Cubism), Stuarts works were br ightly coloured, solid, clear and flat. Stuarts works were of exceptional influence to the artists of the 1940s-1950s and consequently on Pop Art. In the same era, Precisionists also proved influential with their portrayal of contemporary America in a boldly coloured, hard-edged version of Cubism. However, the two most influential pioneers of Abstract Expressionism were Hans Hofmann (1880-1966) and Arshile Gorky (1905-1948), neither of whom was connected with the early European expressionist movement in Germany. Gorky